Dogs have two adrenal glands, with one adrenal gland located next to each of the dog's two kidneys. Adrenal glands are part of a complex hormone production system, known as the endocrine system.
     The adrenal gland consists of two parts, the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. Each of these parts serves a different function.
     The adrenal cortex is the outer part of the adrenal gland. This section secretes many different hormones. Some of these hormones are : corticosteroids, androgens, and mineralocorticoids. These are involved in; the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins; the regulation of blood pressure, water, and mineral balance; and sex hormones.
     The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland. The main function of this section of the adrenal gland is the secretion of adrenaline (epinephrine). Adrenaline acts by raising blood glucose levels; increases blood pressure, heart rate, sweating, respiratory rate and other activities regulated by the sympathetic nervous system.